3-19-09

meat of chicken = inyama yenkukhu
...beef = inyama yenkomo
...pork = ... yengulube (from ingulube)
...muttom = ... yemvu (from imvu)

isibhedlela iDora Nginza siseZwide eBhayi = Dora Nginza hospital is in Zwide in Ibhayi

location words: (used with kwe-)
emva = behind
phansi = under, down
phezu = on top of, up
phezulu = above, "up there in..."

inyakatho - the North
iningizimu - the South

iCanada isenyakatho kweMelika
iNyakatho Melika = North America

antonyms:
-vula = open
-vala = close

-kwa = of in the context of location - locative preposition
with u-nouns, kwa- becomes ko- because kwo- is not allowed
"w" and "o" are rounded sounds, and cannot be combined.

3-18-09

Nginezinkinga namhlanje
inkinga, izinkinga = problem

1) isikhiye seklasi asikho = the key to the class is gone
sikukhanuisile = it is with khanyisile

izicathulo zikuMuzi = the shoes are with Muzi
izicathulo zisesitolo =


-ku- = with
-se- = at

ayikho inkinga --> ayikh'inkinga = no problem

umkhulane = fever, cold, flew
bengigula, ngiphetwe

bengisheleleza (sheleleza = slip, slide)eqhweni = I was skiing

Besibane = there were 4 of us.
Bebenane = there were four of them

Besibaningi - there were many of us

ngedwa = I am alone
wedwa = you are alone

nxese = sorry (empathetic)

unani? = what do you have?

-phetwhe = is/am pained
with y- for nouns with i-
nge for others

ngiqinisile - I am serious, telling the the truth.
ungadlali ngami - you shouldn't play with me

mhlawumbe/mhlawumpeni = maybe

ngiya ukuthenga --> ngiyothenga = I am going to buy

ngubani vs. ngobani (who vs. why)

Umsebenzi 1 due tomorrow

3-4-09

Ungangeni/ Mus'ukungena
Ngobani?
Ngoba ngixiekile
puphuthmile
yebo, ungangena (uma kuphuthumile)
Uzamla njalo ngoba uyozela
Ngiqunu - I am naked = angigqoqile (Ndihamba ze! in Xhosa)
Gqoka ngokuShesha - Get dressed quickly!

ukufa = death (no pl. form)

ku- vs. li-
li- refers to the weather
ku- is non-referent, generally it

unjani vs. kunjani

sgudi snaysi

isu = icebo = plan
cupha trap
gnizomcupha - I will trap him

izikwelete
intomba

imbungulu - bedbug
khula - grow up
sigcine, singamoshi = you (all) should save, don't waste (imperative subjunctive)
-gcina, -onga = save, keep
-mosha, -chitha = waste

chwechwa - tip toe
cwecwa = peel

notes for week of 2-23

In your absence, we drilled the use of the prefix in creating agreement between nouns and verbs in a sentence.

a. We use the prefix of the noun to show agreement with a verb. Some of your books call this "The subject Concord". At the back of your "Masikhulume isiZulu" on p. 426 you get Table 1 & Table 2 showing these important components of a sentence in isiZulu. All nouns fall under these. You have used these in class and in homework already, but a need to review them became apparent in yesterday's class.
b. We mentioned that for all non-nasal noun classes; that is nouns that do not have a nasal in their prefix, and do not refer to people (as those that refere to people and have no nasals will be found in class 1a; e.g. ubaba; usisi; udokotela, and they function like class 1 nouns which are human being referents: e.g. umfazi, umyeni, umntwana, umuntu), we use the full prefix which is found right after the initial vowel, before the noun stem/ root to create agreement:

e.g. 1. Isikolo siyaqala. (school is beginning.)
2. Ubuso buyabanda. (The face is cold.)
3. Abafundi bayasebenza. (Students are working.)

c. In addition to the nouns illustrated above, there are two classes that are also non-nasal, but have latent prefixes that show up only in verbal agreement use. There are:

1. I(li)zulu libi. (The weather is bad.) 2. I(li)qhwa liwile. (Snow has fallen.)
3. U(lu)thando luyashisa. (love is hot/ burning.) [All nouns that are not in Class 1 or 3; that is have no nasals in their prefixes, belong to this class (Class 11); and have a latent or never on the surface 'lu'

d. We did the weather reading on page 51-57
Homework was given so as to practice the agreement noun prefixes and agreement:

1. Page 22 of 'Teach yourself Zulu'; which I had given you all a copy of a week or so ago. That's where you practiced this same agreement at the end of chapter 1. The assignment now was to do Exercices 2; 3 & 4 on page 22 of that same book or photocopy if you do not have the book yet. Nonkululeko has it.

2. I gave also the following activity:

Fill in the blanks with the correct letters or words:

1. USipho ___thenga ugwayi.

2. Ogogo ____cela itiye.
3. Si ____bonga.
4. Ngifuna ___thenga amazambane.
5. Abafundi ____thanda uthisha.

e. We did the readings on pages 58 & 59 of Sanibona to look at the use of nga to mean "by" as in by means of such and such
transport.
1. This nga functions similarly to what we learned about na when we did the noun listing lesson 'Esitolo' from page 7 of Sanibona, where we said when a precedes i we get e, and when a comes before u we get o. So, go read pages 58 & 59 and see how nga works.

2. The homework for this is on pages 60-61: Activities I, II, III, V.

3. Note that Activity II has these details for you to learn:

The verb ending –elani means "why or what for"? The answer often starts with "Ngoba= because…" You therefore need to redo these as we practiced them in class today.

For example:

1. Ufunelani ukudla? = Ngifuna ukudla ngoba ngilambile. ( I want to eat because I am hungry.)

2. Ukahlelani? (Why are you crying?) = Ngikhala ngoba nginesisu. [I have stomachache.]

There will be a Quiz on Tuesday. Some of these will be on it, including tenses that we already dealt with; singulars and plurals of nouns, agreement/ subject concords as reviewed above; some synonyms or antonyms.

e. I advised Nonkululeko to read about colors as I have them listed on the schedule for February 11 and practice those by labeling the South African flag. You have that on your syllabus, but you can get one on the web and label them.

f. On Tuesday and Wednesday, we will be looking at the reading that was listed for February 4; look at your course schedule for this. This will be follwed by a closer look at adjectives and numbers; also listed on your course schedule for February 11.

g. We revisited culture related stuff, like what's in a name for amaZulu (amaXhosa); similarities and differences among people in close communities and countries both in Africa (South Africa/ Swaziland/ Lesotho); Senegal/ Gambia and Asia (India/ Pakistan).

You will see Nonkululeko's notes as well.

Sala kahle,

Thisha.