Ukudla
pg. 23
ngokudla (by eating)
ukwenza amagwinya (cooking fat cakes)
udinga- you need
guqula (turn over)
synonym is 'phendula' (not meaning 'answer' in this case)
jwayela – used to , accustomed to
lingacela - I requested
hlisa – lower
akuphoqelekile – you don't have to do it
uma u-oyela ishisa kakhulu hlisa umlilo - when the oil is really hot, lower the heat (lit. fire)
igwinya, amagwinya.
Tuesday, April 21, 2009
Friday, April 10, 2009
notes from 4-9-09
Ayikho inkinga = no problem
noMuzi ulele, wakhohlwa iklasi izolo = Muzi forgot class yesterday.
(wakholwa means "he believed")
Ibhasi belibambekile emgwaqweni, ngoba izimoto beziningi.= the bus was held up on the road because there were lots of cars
words for busy = -bambekile (held up)
ngixinekile
matasatasa
The -Be tense
be- is the was/were tense (past progressive)
use with stative verbs
action verbs more important to specify between be tense and past perfect (-e, -ile)
first person – bengi-
second person – wena bewu-
third person - ubu
class 1 - u- comes before be- umuntu ubegeza
ckass 9 – inja beyikhonkotha (-khonkotha is to bark)
10 – izinja bezikhonkotha
igama belikhuluma
mnandi = nice
Halala ngosuku lwakho lokuzalwa
benginomsebenzi – I had work, I was having work
there is no past perfect tense with na-
ngizoba nomsebenzi = I will have work
sizoba bahle
ba is like to be with the future, used with have and adjectives in the future.
sizoba bahle = we will be beautiful
ngizoba muhle. = I will be good
Ukuvilapa - to be lazy
ivila – lazy person
synonyms
wash -geza, -washa, -hlamba*
clean -hlanza,
*hlamba also means the same thing as bhukuda, to swim
isigebengu = giant or robber
Umsebenzi 4 HW
2. Yebo, Ubhut'Sipho ubeshayela imoto.
Cha, ubengashayeli imoto
3. Yebo, Umalume uJames ubepheka
Cha, Umalume uJames ubengapheki.
4. Yebo, Uzweli noVusi bebekhuluma isiPutukezi
Cha, bebengakhulumi isiPutukezi
5. Yebo, Izingane bezibhala.
Cha, izingane bezingabhali
6. Yebo, Imindeni beyicula.
Cha, imindeni beyingaculi.
Negative past prefect (-e or -ile)
starts with a ends with nga
abafundi bakhulumile
abafundi abakhulumanga
when you negate the third person you use the AK
izicathula zidulile
azidulanga = they are not expensive
ukhozi lundizile / alundizanga (The eagle flew/ did not fly)
ukhozi belundiza = the eagle was flying
ukhozi belungandizi = the eagle
anginayo = I don't have it
noMuzi ulele, wakhohlwa iklasi izolo = Muzi forgot class yesterday.
(wakholwa means "he believed")
Ibhasi belibambekile emgwaqweni, ngoba izimoto beziningi.= the bus was held up on the road because there were lots of cars
words for busy = -bambekile (held up)
ngixinekile
matasatasa
The -Be tense
be- is the was/were tense (past progressive)
use with stative verbs
action verbs more important to specify between be tense and past perfect (-e, -ile)
first person – bengi-
second person – wena bewu-
third person - ubu
class 1 - u- comes before be- umuntu ubegeza
ckass 9 – inja beyikhonkotha (-khonkotha is to bark)
10 – izinja bezikhonkotha
igama belikhuluma
mnandi = nice
Halala ngosuku lwakho lokuzalwa
benginomsebenzi – I had work, I was having work
there is no past perfect tense with na-
ngizoba nomsebenzi = I will have work
sizoba bahle
ba is like to be with the future, used with have and adjectives in the future.
sizoba bahle = we will be beautiful
ngizoba muhle. = I will be good
Ukuvilapa - to be lazy
ivila – lazy person
synonyms
wash -geza, -washa, -hlamba*
clean -hlanza,
*hlamba also means the same thing as bhukuda, to swim
isigebengu = giant or robber
Umsebenzi 4 HW
2. Yebo, Ubhut'Sipho ubeshayela imoto.
Cha, ubengashayeli imoto
3. Yebo, Umalume uJames ubepheka
Cha, Umalume uJames ubengapheki.
4. Yebo, Uzweli noVusi bebekhuluma isiPutukezi
Cha, bebengakhulumi isiPutukezi
5. Yebo, Izingane bezibhala.
Cha, izingane bezingabhali
6. Yebo, Imindeni beyicula.
Cha, imindeni beyingaculi.
Negative past prefect (-e or -ile)
starts with a ends with nga
abafundi bakhulumile
abafundi abakhulumanga
when you negate the third person you use the AK
izicathula zidulile
azidulanga = they are not expensive
ukhozi lundizile / alundizanga (The eagle flew/ did not fly)
ukhozi belundiza = the eagle was flying
ukhozi belungandizi = the eagle
anginayo = I don't have it
Thursday, March 19, 2009
3-19-09
meat of chicken = inyama yenkukhu
...beef = inyama yenkomo
...pork = ... yengulube (from ingulube)
...muttom = ... yemvu (from imvu)
isibhedlela iDora Nginza siseZwide eBhayi = Dora Nginza hospital is in Zwide in Ibhayi
location words: (used with kwe-)
emva = behind
phansi = under, down
phezu = on top of, up
phezulu = above, "up there in..."
inyakatho - the North
iningizimu - the South
iCanada isenyakatho kweMelika
iNyakatho Melika = North America
antonyms:
-vula = open
-vala = close
-kwa = of in the context of location - locative preposition
with u-nouns, kwa- becomes ko- because kwo- is not allowed
"w" and "o" are rounded sounds, and cannot be combined.
...beef = inyama yenkomo
...pork = ... yengulube (from ingulube)
...muttom = ... yemvu (from imvu)
isibhedlela iDora Nginza siseZwide eBhayi = Dora Nginza hospital is in Zwide in Ibhayi
location words: (used with kwe-)
emva = behind
phansi = under, down
phezu = on top of, up
phezulu = above, "up there in..."
inyakatho - the North
iningizimu - the South
iCanada isenyakatho kweMelika
iNyakatho Melika = North America
antonyms:
-vula = open
-vala = close
-kwa = of in the context of location - locative preposition
with u-nouns, kwa- becomes ko- because kwo- is not allowed
"w" and "o" are rounded sounds, and cannot be combined.
Wednesday, March 18, 2009
3-18-09
Nginezinkinga namhlanje
inkinga, izinkinga = problem
1) isikhiye seklasi asikho = the key to the class is gone
sikukhanuisile = it is with khanyisile
izicathulo zikuMuzi = the shoes are with Muzi
izicathulo zisesitolo =
-ku- = with
-se- = at
ayikho inkinga --> ayikh'inkinga = no problem
umkhulane = fever, cold, flew
bengigula, ngiphetwe
bengisheleleza (sheleleza = slip, slide)eqhweni = I was skiing
Besibane = there were 4 of us.
Bebenane = there were four of them
Besibaningi - there were many of us
ngedwa = I am alone
wedwa = you are alone
nxese = sorry (empathetic)
unani? = what do you have?
-phetwhe = is/am pained
with y- for nouns with i-
nge for others
ngiqinisile - I am serious, telling the the truth.
ungadlali ngami - you shouldn't play with me
mhlawumbe/mhlawumpeni = maybe
ngiya ukuthenga --> ngiyothenga = I am going to buy
ngubani vs. ngobani (who vs. why)
Umsebenzi 1 due tomorrow
inkinga, izinkinga = problem
1) isikhiye seklasi asikho = the key to the class is gone
sikukhanuisile = it is with khanyisile
izicathulo zikuMuzi = the shoes are with Muzi
izicathulo zisesitolo =
-ku- = with
-se- = at
ayikho inkinga --> ayikh'inkinga = no problem
umkhulane = fever, cold, flew
bengigula, ngiphetwe
bengisheleleza (sheleleza = slip, slide)eqhweni = I was skiing
Besibane = there were 4 of us.
Bebenane = there were four of them
Besibaningi - there were many of us
ngedwa = I am alone
wedwa = you are alone
nxese = sorry (empathetic)
unani? = what do you have?
-phetwhe = is/am pained
with y- for nouns with i-
nge for others
ngiqinisile - I am serious, telling the the truth.
ungadlali ngami - you shouldn't play with me
mhlawumbe/mhlawumpeni = maybe
ngiya ukuthenga --> ngiyothenga = I am going to buy
ngubani vs. ngobani (who vs. why)
Umsebenzi 1 due tomorrow
Wednesday, March 4, 2009
3-4-09
Ungangeni/ Mus'ukungena
Ngobani?
Ngoba ngixiekile
puphuthmile
yebo, ungangena (uma kuphuthumile)
Uzamla njalo ngoba uyozela
Ngiqunu - I am naked = angigqoqile (Ndihamba ze! in Xhosa)
Gqoka ngokuShesha - Get dressed quickly!
ukufa = death (no pl. form)
ku- vs. li-
li- refers to the weather
ku- is non-referent, generally it
unjani vs. kunjani
sgudi snaysi
isu = icebo = plan
cupha trap
gnizomcupha - I will trap him
izikwelete
intomba
imbungulu - bedbug
khula - grow up
sigcine, singamoshi = you (all) should save, don't waste (imperative subjunctive)
-gcina, -onga = save, keep
-mosha, -chitha = waste
chwechwa - tip toe
cwecwa = peel
Ngobani?
Ngoba ngixiekile
puphuthmile
yebo, ungangena (uma kuphuthumile)
Uzamla njalo ngoba uyozela
Ngiqunu - I am naked = angigqoqile (Ndihamba ze! in Xhosa)
Gqoka ngokuShesha - Get dressed quickly!
ukufa = death (no pl. form)
ku- vs. li-
li- refers to the weather
ku- is non-referent, generally it
unjani vs. kunjani
sgudi snaysi
isu = icebo = plan
cupha trap
gnizomcupha - I will trap him
izikwelete
intomba
imbungulu - bedbug
khula - grow up
sigcine, singamoshi = you (all) should save, don't waste (imperative subjunctive)
-gcina, -onga = save, keep
-mosha, -chitha = waste
chwechwa - tip toe
cwecwa = peel
Sunday, March 1, 2009
notes for week of 2-23
In your absence, we drilled the use of the prefix in creating agreement between nouns and verbs in a sentence.
a. We use the prefix of the noun to show agreement with a verb. Some of your books call this "The subject Concord". At the back of your "Masikhulume isiZulu" on p. 426 you get Table 1 & Table 2 showing these important components of a sentence in isiZulu. All nouns fall under these. You have used these in class and in homework already, but a need to review them became apparent in yesterday's class.
b. We mentioned that for all non-nasal noun classes; that is nouns that do not have a nasal in their prefix, and do not refer to people (as those that refere to people and have no nasals will be found in class 1a; e.g. ubaba; usisi; udokotela, and they function like class 1 nouns which are human being referents: e.g. umfazi, umyeni, umntwana, umuntu), we use the full prefix which is found right after the initial vowel, before the noun stem/ root to create agreement:
e.g. 1. Isikolo siyaqala. (school is beginning.)
2. Ubuso buyabanda. (The face is cold.)
3. Abafundi bayasebenza. (Students are working.)
c. In addition to the nouns illustrated above, there are two classes that are also non-nasal, but have latent prefixes that show up only in verbal agreement use. There are:
1. I(li)zulu libi. (The weather is bad.) 2. I(li)qhwa liwile. (Snow has fallen.)
3. U(lu)thando luyashisa. (love is hot/ burning.) [All nouns that are not in Class 1 or 3; that is have no nasals in their prefixes, belong to this class (Class 11); and have a latent or never on the surface 'lu'
d. We did the weather reading on page 51-57
Homework was given so as to practice the agreement noun prefixes and agreement:
1. Page 22 of 'Teach yourself Zulu'; which I had given you all a copy of a week or so ago. That's where you practiced this same agreement at the end of chapter 1. The assignment now was to do Exercices 2; 3 & 4 on page 22 of that same book or photocopy if you do not have the book yet. Nonkululeko has it.
2. I gave also the following activity:
Fill in the blanks with the correct letters or words:
1. USipho ___thenga ugwayi.
2. Ogogo ____cela itiye.
3. Si ____bonga.
4. Ngifuna ___thenga amazambane.
5. Abafundi ____thanda uthisha.
e. We did the readings on pages 58 & 59 of Sanibona to look at the use of nga to mean "by" as in by means of such and such
transport.
1. This nga functions similarly to what we learned about na when we did the noun listing lesson 'Esitolo' from page 7 of Sanibona, where we said when a precedes i we get e, and when a comes before u we get o. So, go read pages 58 & 59 and see how nga works.
2. The homework for this is on pages 60-61: Activities I, II, III, V.
3. Note that Activity II has these details for you to learn:
a. We use the prefix of the noun to show agreement with a verb. Some of your books call this "The subject Concord". At the back of your "Masikhulume isiZulu" on p. 426 you get Table 1 & Table 2 showing these important components of a sentence in isiZulu. All nouns fall under these. You have used these in class and in homework already, but a need to review them became apparent in yesterday's class.
b. We mentioned that for all non-nasal noun classes; that is nouns that do not have a nasal in their prefix, and do not refer to people (as those that refere to people and have no nasals will be found in class 1a; e.g. ubaba; usisi; udokotela, and they function like class 1 nouns which are human being referents: e.g. umfazi, umyeni, umntwana, umuntu), we use the full prefix which is found right after the initial vowel, before the noun stem/ root to create agreement:
e.g. 1. Isikolo siyaqala. (school is beginning.)
2. Ubuso buyabanda. (The face is cold.)
3. Abafundi bayasebenza. (Students are working.)
c. In addition to the nouns illustrated above, there are two classes that are also non-nasal, but have latent prefixes that show up only in verbal agreement use. There are:
1. I(li)zulu libi. (The weather is bad.) 2. I(li)qhwa liwile. (Snow has fallen.)
3. U(lu)thando luyashisa. (love is hot/ burning.) [All nouns that are not in Class 1 or 3; that is have no nasals in their prefixes, belong to this class (Class 11); and have a latent or never on the surface 'lu'
d. We did the weather reading on page 51-57
Homework was given so as to practice the agreement noun prefixes and agreement:
1. Page 22 of 'Teach yourself Zulu'; which I had given you all a copy of a week or so ago. That's where you practiced this same agreement at the end of chapter 1. The assignment now was to do Exercices 2; 3 & 4 on page 22 of that same book or photocopy if you do not have the book yet. Nonkululeko has it.
2. I gave also the following activity:
Fill in the blanks with the correct letters or words:
1. USipho ___thenga ugwayi.
2. Ogogo ____cela itiye.
3. Si ____bonga.
4. Ngifuna ___thenga amazambane.
5. Abafundi ____thanda uthisha.
e. We did the readings on pages 58 & 59 of Sanibona to look at the use of nga to mean "by" as in by means of such and such
transport.
1. This nga functions similarly to what we learned about na when we did the noun listing lesson 'Esitolo' from page 7 of Sanibona, where we said when a precedes i we get e, and when a comes before u we get o. So, go read pages 58 & 59 and see how nga works.
2. The homework for this is on pages 60-61: Activities I, II, III, V.
3. Note that Activity II has these details for you to learn:
The verb ending –elani means "why or what for"? The answer often starts with "Ngoba= because…" You therefore need to redo these as we practiced them in class today.
For example:
1. Ufunelani ukudla? = Ngifuna ukudla ngoba ngilambile. ( I want to eat because I am hungry.)
2. Ukahlelani? (Why are you crying?) = Ngikhala ngoba nginesisu. [I have stomachache.]
There will be a Quiz on Tuesday. Some of these will be on it, including tenses that we already dealt with; singulars and plurals of nouns, agreement/ subject concords as reviewed above; some synonyms or antonyms.
e. I advised Nonkululeko to read about colors as I have them listed on the schedule for February 11 and practice those by labeling the South African flag. You have that on your syllabus, but you can get one on the web and label them.
f. On Tuesday and Wednesday, we will be looking at the reading that was listed for February 4; look at your course schedule for this. This will be follwed by a closer look at adjectives and numbers; also listed on your course schedule for February 11.
g. We revisited culture related stuff, like what's in a name for amaZulu (amaXhosa); similarities and differences among people in close communities and countries both in Africa (South Africa/ Swaziland/ Lesotho); Senegal/ Gambia and Asia (India/ Pakistan).
You will see Nonkululeko's notes as well.
Sala kahle,
Thisha.
Thursday, February 26, 2009
2-26-09
Ushogi mncane = small chalk
Gcoba =because
inuka kamnandi - it smells good
Commands:
commands with transitive verbs must end in -e
ngixolele = forgive me (command)
-tshela = tell
tell me = ngitshele
Ngitshele, uyamazi uMuzi? - tell me, do you know Muzi?
u + ya + azi --> uyamazi, -m- (from uMuzi) insereted between vowels
Ngiyamazi uMuzi - I know Muzi
Ngisize, Nkulie - Help me, Nonkululeko
ngizokusiza - I will help you
Angizukusiza - I will not help you
ya vs. hamba
If you are speaking of a destination, never use -hamba
Locative:
e-
kwa- (proprietary places, most businesses, stores, people's places - kwaMuzi)
ku- when making human beings and class 1 nouns into a place in the locative tense, use ku-
Izinsuku zesonto
M - uMsombuluko on M. ngo-
T - uLwesibili ""
W - uLwesithathu ""
TH - uLwesine ""
F - uLwesihlanu ""
Sat - uMgqibelo ""
S - iSonto nge-
what day of the week? - ngolwesingaki?
Times of the Day
Ekuseni = in the morning
Imini = midday
Intambama = afternoon
Kusihlwa = in the evening
Ubusuku = night
Synonyms
usuku - day
imini - noon, day
ilanga - sun, day
listening to the News
phakathi =
ekuseni
emlenzeni
incwaki
zamaphandle - in the country
lehliswe - lower
umgqomo - can
nomhlaba - and the world
semfuleni - at the river
fikela - arrive
donsa - pull
yisakamuzi - resident
noma kuphi = anywhere
noma kanjani = anyhow
lokhu - this, as in this matter
luhlanya - he is crazy (among friends)
uyahlekisa - he is weird
Homework:
Umsebenzi VII in Sanibona
Quiz tuesday:
- colors and numbers,
-times of the day (in the morning ekuseni, emini, kusilwa pg. 61)
-give a answer, request a question
- anything on the blog, the exercises
-question words
-weather
Gcoba =because
inuka kamnandi - it smells good
Commands:
commands with transitive verbs must end in -e
ngixolele = forgive me (command)
-tshela = tell
tell me = ngitshele
Ngitshele, uyamazi uMuzi? - tell me, do you know Muzi?
u + ya + azi --> uyamazi, -m- (from uMuzi) insereted between vowels
Ngiyamazi uMuzi - I know Muzi
Ngisize, Nkulie - Help me, Nonkululeko
ngizokusiza - I will help you
Angizukusiza - I will not help you
ya vs. hamba
If you are speaking of a destination, never use -hamba
Locative:
e-
kwa- (proprietary places, most businesses, stores, people's places - kwaMuzi)
ku- when making human beings and class 1 nouns into a place in the locative tense, use ku-
Izinsuku zesonto
M - uMsombuluko on M. ngo-
T - uLwesibili ""
W - uLwesithathu ""
TH - uLwesine ""
F - uLwesihlanu ""
Sat - uMgqibelo ""
S - iSonto nge-
what day of the week? - ngolwesingaki?
Times of the Day
Ekuseni = in the morning
Imini = midday
Intambama = afternoon
Kusihlwa = in the evening
Ubusuku = night
Synonyms
usuku - day
imini - noon, day
ilanga - sun, day
listening to the News
phakathi =
ekuseni
emlenzeni
incwaki
zamaphandle - in the country
lehliswe - lower
umgqomo - can
nomhlaba - and the world
semfuleni - at the river
fikela - arrive
donsa - pull
yisakamuzi - resident
noma kuphi = anywhere
noma kanjani = anyhow
lokhu - this, as in this matter
luhlanya - he is crazy (among friends)
uyahlekisa - he is weird
Homework:
Umsebenzi VII in Sanibona
Quiz tuesday:
- colors and numbers,
-times of the day (in the morning ekuseni, emini, kusilwa pg. 61)
-give a answer, request a question
- anything on the blog, the exercises
-question words
-weather
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