I was late so I will fill in the notes with SCotts or Noreen's
For the negative, verbs ending in -ala end in -langa
uMuzi ukfika leythi
ushiywe libhesi - the bus left him
Sizo cula iculo (OR ingoma) = we will sing a song
uNkulunkulu = God (uThixo in Xhosa)
Good song.
uJezu uzubuya nini
khona manje x@
khona manje
khona manje
Jesus is coming back
right now
khona is there, (or present) alone
ukhona he is present
ngikhona = I am present (fine)
sizofunda kuqala
amaXhosa don't have more clicks but they are pronounced with more force
Khoisan is moreclicky
umngane wami = my friend
Nangu = here is
(changes with different governing nouns
eg. nasi incwadi, naba amalungu, nayi iphen)
wethula = he/she is introducing
u + ethula --> wethula
synonym: -zisa
Konje = and now OR BTW
ngiyajabula ukukwazi = pleased to know you
uvelaphi = where do you come from
Hawu = oh!
Pho = Then! and now! (interjection)
-vakasha = visit
vakashile = past and stative
-busa = enjoy
ngiyethemba = I hope
abakhi = builder
Nngingu nguNOAH wakwa nguMCKENNA
ngingowakwaMcKenna
izithakazelo = clan names
in Xhosa isibongo is only clan name but there is some borrowing of expressions (isibongo sakhe?)
in Zulu isibongo is last name or praise name
umfundi, abafundi - student(s)
noma = or
njalonjalo = etc.
njalo = alwyas
ngi + i-noun --> ngiyi-
ngiyipoyisa
ngiyindoda
um-, abahlali = residents
um, abadlali = players, jokers
Abafana bangabadlali (boys are players)
OR gabadlali
Note on tonality of isiZulu
U- high is someone else
U -low is you
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1 comment:
1. No, it is not verbs ending in -ala that end in -langa as such: all verbs in the past tense (and sometimes stative form) end in -anga
2. uMuzi uza kufika leyithi
ushiywe libhasi - the bus left him
3. NOT uJezu but UJesu
4. NOT uzubuya = uzobuya
5, But the phrase "khona manje" means 'right now'
6.NOT: nasi incwadi but "nansi"
7. NOT naba amalungu = naba abelungu
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