2-5-09

I was late so I will fill in the notes with SCotts or Noreen's

For the negative, verbs ending in -ala end in -langa
uMuzi ukfika leythi
ushiywe libhesi - the bus left him

Sizo cula iculo (OR ingoma) = we will sing a song

uNkulunkulu = God (uThixo in Xhosa)

Good song.
uJezu uzubuya nini
khona manje x@

khona manje
khona manje

Jesus is coming back
right now

khona is there, (or present) alone

ukhona he is present
ngikhona = I am present (fine)

sizofunda kuqala

amaXhosa don't have more clicks but they are pronounced with more force
Khoisan is moreclicky

umngane wami = my friend
Nangu = here is
(changes with different governing nouns
eg. nasi incwadi, naba amalungu, nayi iphen)

wethula = he/she is introducing
u + ethula --> wethula
synonym: -zisa

Konje = and now OR BTW

ngiyajabula ukukwazi = pleased to know you

uvelaphi = where do you come from

Hawu = oh!
Pho = Then! and now! (interjection)

-vakasha = visit
vakashile = past and stative
-busa = enjoy

ngiyethemba = I hope

abakhi = builder

Nngingu nguNOAH wakwa nguMCKENNA
ngingowakwaMcKenna

izithakazelo = clan names
in Xhosa isibongo is only clan name but there is some borrowing of expressions (isibongo sakhe?)
in Zulu isibongo is last name or praise name

umfundi, abafundi - student(s)

noma = or

njalonjalo = etc.
njalo = alwyas

ngi + i-noun --> ngiyi-
ngiyipoyisa
ngiyindoda

um-, abahlali = residents
um, abadlali = players, jokers

Abafana bangabadlali (boys are players)
OR gabadlali

Note on tonality of isiZulu
U- high is someone else
U -low is you

2-4-09_zulu notes

Verb Tenses:
Izolo = yesterday (past)
Siyafundile or (short form) siyafunde (+ object or adverbs, or anything following verbs)

Namuhla/namhlanje = today (present)
Siyafunda or (short form) Sifunda (+ object)

kusasa = tomorrow (future)
Sizofunda

-badla = play (to play soccer = + ibhola likanobhtshuzwayo, isoca in Xhosa)
-bhala = to write
-dla = eat


in/im (sometimes i-) --> pl. izin-
i(li)- --> pl. ama-

There is also a narrative past tense

anginombuzo = I dont have a question
a + ngi + na+ umbuzo

I have a book
ngi + na + incwadi
nginencwadi

sinombuzo
ayikho imibuzo = the questions are not there
akukho mibuzo = there are no questions

mus' uku + yenza ---> mus'ukwenza

siza = help
cwecwa = peel

futhi = as well
impela = really

answer questions on pg. 30 Sanibona
quiz tuesday
look at 117-120 in masikhulume (commands positive and negative)
147-155 tomorrow
43-49 download and read

1-29

Uyakwazi = do you know

ngithi mina = i say

na is both have and and

anginambuzo = I dont have a question
nginambuzo = I have a question


uma = if and when

Ngomile. ngifuna ukuphuza amanzi
Ngomile is from -oma = to be dry (I am dry)
ngilambile. ngifuna ukuldla ukudla food and to eat)
(ukudla is both

kuyabanda = cold
iqhwa = snow
iqhwa liwile = snow has fallen

kuyashisa (nga)phakathi kodwa kuyabanda (nga)phandle
= it is warm inside ubt it is cold outside

pinda = what?

sipho = gift

thandewa or thandiwe = loved one

ubusika = winter

kuyabanda ebusika = it is cold in winter

e - in, at, from all prepositions

ngiya kwaWalmart = I am going to Walmart

Abantu banokulunga, kodwa abantu banobubi
people have goodness, but people have badness
ukulunga (good)
ububi (badness) from -bi = bad ugly

abantu pl of umuntu (person)

amfazi (woman) abafazi (women)

phenya ekhasini 32 = turn to page 32

angisakwazi -I no longer know you (it been a while)

iya ngela = that sucks!


icici, amacici- earings

-cela = ask
ncenga - beg
gcina - last

okokugcina = for the last time

Musa ukuganga! = dont be naughty!
Musa = dont be

nonyaka = this year

jabula = happy

ngihola = get paid

zwa = smell, hear, feel (touch), taste, feel (heart or head)

imizwa - emotions, feelings, senses

izidaka-mizwa -drugs (drunk senses)

daka = to be drunk

njani? = how

kunjani? = how is it? same

(M)asiqhubeke = let us continue
m is optional

Uhlalaphi? = where do you live?

ethekwini = the harbor and also Durban

Ngihlala= I live

Homework: 40 -41, exercizes 1-4
read short story on page 18

the click song
in Xhosa:
Igqirha lendlela - nguqongqothwane
Igqirha lendlela - nguqongqothwane
Ebeqabe' egqith' apha - uqongqothwane
Ebeqabe' egqith' apha - uqongqothwane
In English:
Diviner of the roadways - the knock knock beetle
Diviner of the roadways - the knock knock beetle
It just passed by here - the knock knock beetle
It just passed by here - the knock knock beetle

1-22-09

Noreen's zulu name (igama lesiZulu)
nguNonkululeko - mother of freedom

Scott's igama lesiZulu
Umfundisi

kodwa = but

ZOli's other (elinye igama lesiZulu)
ngu Noxolo (mother of PEACE)

isiNgisi = English language (isiNgesi in Xhosa)

Muzi - house, village

Muziwdile - my name in zulu
Silindile -my other name (we are waiting)

uNOah unumagama amabili esiZulu - Noah has two names
has 2
igama (sing.) amagama (pl) = name or words

ngubani igama laike? = ngubani lo? = who is he/she

lalela = listen

isibongo sami nguMali = my last nae is Malo

all verbs agree with the parent noun of the sentence.

ngiyabonga kakhulu - thank you very much

ak(uk)ho inkinga - there is no problem (or ayikho inkinga)
is not there
uphi uMuzi(me) response: 'akheko'

what I missed at the beginning of the class.

Ngizobuya manje -Ill be right back (lit. I will come back now)

Weather:

Kuyabanda namhlanje
it is cold today

Kuzobanda kusasa
It wil be cold tomorrow

Clothing:

gqoka - to put on

Ngigqoke ijazi, nebhantshi, nejezi, nopolonekhi -
I am wearing a coat, jacket, and a sweater, and a turtle-neck

faka - acessorize, put on hat or shoes

ijezi elisha - a new sweater (ensha in isiXhosa)

ngifake isigqoko nesikhafu, namaglav(u)zi - I am wearing a hat (wool), scarf, gloves.

umakubanda igqoka ijezi
when it is cold, I put on a sweater

unombuzo? do you (sing) have a question
-no- means "and" and "have"

anginambuzo - I dont have a question
Nginambuzo (nginebibuzo pl.) - I have a question (have questions)

umbuzo (imibuzo pl.) = question(s)

cha - NO
antonym = Yebo (yes)

ngina = I have (ngino if with u-noun, -ne if with i-noun)

isitolo = the store
esitolo = at the store

isinkwa = bread

umntwana, abantwana (pl) - child

class1 is humans

usipho - Sipho
osipho (pl) - Sipho and others

1-21_Zulu notes

Inxoxo = dialogue (from xoxa – meaning to chat, discuss)
Siyaxoxa – we are talking
Nixoxoni? - what are you talking about?
(similar to uthini - what re you saying)

Masi-____= let us _____ (e.g. Masithi -lets talk , Masihambisane – let us go together)
always say hello someone, sawubona _______
(u)gogo = grandmother
(u)mkhulu = grandfather

nazal = "n" or "m" sounds

substitute for Unjani/Ninjani
Usaphila na? - are you still well? (literally alive)
response: yebo, ngisaphila - yes i am still fine/alive

Wena uphila njani - how are you living?
wena emphasizes you (??)

Kulungile = OK (with me)

ALSO

Ngingezwa kini? - how are things at home?

More name words:
Noah bani? - Noah who?

Umphumapi? - where are you from?

1-20_Zulu notes

Nami = me too

Ucingo layakhala - the phone is ringing
pronunciation note: "c" is a click done with the tip of the tongue on the back of the front teeth "sucking your teeth"

cima ucingo - I am turning off the phone

Ngizobigelela umfundisi manje - I am going to greet the priest now
I will greet the priest now
-zo- = future tense

More Greetings:
dialogue
P1) Ninjani? -how are you (pl)?
P2) Sikhona, Wena Unjani? - We are well, and how are you?
P1) Nami ngikhona - As for me, I am well.

lapha kukho abantu ababili - there are two people here
here ??? people are 2

NguThemba noSipho baya hamba - Themba and Sipho are walking
no- = and to walk
na + i --> ne e.g. incwadi neCD - the book and the CD (incwadi = book)
na + u --> no
na + a --> na (no change)


bayaphi? where are they going (ba-=they, -ya-=go, -phi=where)

baya edolobheni - they are going to town (also etahweni)

bayothenga ihembe nezicathola - they will buy a shirt and shoes

uzoya - he/she will gow
Uthini? -what are you saying?

Ngubani ozothengani izicathulo? - who ____????
who buy ? shoes

Namhlanje kubekwa uMongmeli uObama - today e inaugurate president Obama!!!!!
today president

hamba kahle - go well
sala kahle - stay well (pl.)

1-15_Zulu notes

1-15-09

Inroduction to Zulu
w/ Professor Zoliswa Olga Mali
@ the BU African Studies Center

Ngiyaxolisa - I am sorry

Ngi = I
ya = am, go
xolisa = sorry

ngoba ngifike leythi - because I arrived late

ngoba = because
ngi - fike = I arrived
fike - e indicates past tense (fika is present/imperative)
leythi = (cognate) late

Introductions:

Ngingu Zoliswa - I am Zoliswa (or is it Ngi nguZoliswa ?)
ngu = am

Igama lami nguNoah - My name is Noah
Name of me isNoah

Isibongo sami nguMcKenna - My last name is Noah
surname of me isMcKenna

Ngubani igama lakho? - What is your name?
who name is what

Isibongo saike? - what is your last name?

Mina = as for me
lo = he/she

commands:

hlala phansi = sit down (is phansi a cognate?)
sit
masifunde - let us read
masi + funda
let us to read, study, learn (why the -e?)
Thula - shut up

*Note: all nouns begin with a vowel, but in direct communication, it is omitted

family members:
brother = (u)bhuti OR umfowethu (-wethu is possessive - our or my?)
sister = (u)sisi OR udadewethu
father = (u)dada
mother = (u)mama (-wethu)

Cultural note: when shaking hands with or accepting something from venerated person (elder, teacher, elder etc), use both hands

Greetings:

Sawubona (also sakubona) - hello, what's up (literally - we see you)
sanibona (pl)
response: Yebo, sawubona ______
note: always follow Sawubona with a name or appropriate substitute (e.g. mama for a married woman)

Linguistics:
-isiZulu belongs to the Ngoni language cluster of the Southern African Bantu family
-isiXhosa, isiSwazi (Siswati to them, no z sound), others...

Mzanzi = south (as in Mzanzi Africa)
synonym: Ningizimu

Umfundisi = teacher
synonym: (u)Tisha (cognate)
pronunciation and accent note: when "di" is up/accented it means teacher
when "disi" is down, means priest

Noxolo = Moher of Peace (woman's name)

Ngiyabonga = thank you
I am to thank