5-30-09

bhasoba - watch out!
kulula - it easy

ubuso = face (ebusweni - in the face)

kubuhlungu = it is painful

-sa- negative = no longer
positive = (still)

inkomo is sexless.
inkomazi is cow (female)

wakhe wakhahlewa yinkomo wena? = Have you ever been kicked by a cow?

wakhe wa...= have you ever?

(verb)-wa = passive

ngakhe nga= One time I ...
zange = I never

abantu bapethwe umkuhlane wezingulube! - people are suffering from swine flu.

kuyafiwa - (lit. there is being died, death around here, its gonna be dying) people are having fun.

ungathi/sengathi = it looks as if ...

4-29-09

Family Names
married woman called ma-(last name/family name)

Zuma --> umsholozi

we'Muzi = Hey, Muzi

ibhekile - tin can pitcher with a handle used by Xhosas for sharing beer.
(Zulus use a gourd)

communal eating important in Zulu and Xhosa cultures
umcimbi (cultural ceremony)


umqombothi - african beer made from corn and amabele (sorghum flour)

amabele (high -be- is breast, low -be- and -le- syllables is sorghum flour)

notes 4-21-09

Ukudla
pg. 23

ngokudla (by eating)

ukwenza amagwinya (cooking fat cakes)

udinga- you need
guqula (turn over)
synonym is 'phendula' (not meaning 'answer' in this case)

jwayela – used to , accustomed to

lingacela - I requested

hlisa – lower

akuphoqelekile – you don't have to do it

uma u-oyela ishisa kakhulu hlisa umlilo - when the oil is really hot, lower the heat (lit. fire)

igwinya, amagwinya.

notes from 4-9-09

Ayikho inkinga = no problem

noMuzi ulele, wakhohlwa iklasi izolo = Muzi forgot class yesterday.
(wakholwa means "he believed")

Ibhasi belibambekile emgwaqweni, ngoba izimoto beziningi.= the bus was held up on the road because there were lots of cars

words for busy = -bambekile (held up)
ngixinekile
matasatasa

The -Be tense
be- is the was/were tense (past progressive)
use with stative verbs

action verbs more important to specify between be tense and past perfect (-e, -ile)

first person – bengi-
second person – wena bewu-
third person - ubu
class 1 - u- comes before be- umuntu ubegeza
ckass 9 – inja beyikhonkotha (-khonkotha is to bark)
10 – izinja bezikhonkotha

igama belikhuluma

mnandi = nice

Halala ngosuku lwakho lokuzalwa

benginomsebenzi – I had work, I was having work
there is no past perfect tense with na-

ngizoba nomsebenzi = I will have work

sizoba bahle
ba is like to be with the future, used with have and adjectives in the future.

sizoba bahle = we will be beautiful
ngizoba muhle. = I will be good

Ukuvilapa - to be lazy
ivila – lazy person

synonyms
wash -geza, -washa, -hlamba*
clean -hlanza,

*hlamba also means the same thing as bhukuda, to swim

isigebengu = giant or robber

Umsebenzi 4 HW
2. Yebo, Ubhut'Sipho ubeshayela imoto.
Cha, ubengashayeli imoto
3. Yebo, Umalume uJames ubepheka
Cha, Umalume uJames ubengapheki.
4. Yebo, Uzweli noVusi bebekhuluma isiPutukezi
Cha, bebengakhulumi isiPutukezi
5. Yebo, Izingane bezibhala.
Cha, izingane bezingabhali
6. Yebo, Imindeni beyicula.
Cha, imindeni beyingaculi.


Negative past prefect (-e or -ile)
starts with a ends with nga

abafundi bakhulumile
abafundi abakhulumanga

when you negate the third person you use the AK

izicathula zidulile
azidulanga = they are not expensive

ukhozi lundizile / alundizanga (The eagle flew/ did not fly)

ukhozi belundiza = the eagle was flying
ukhozi belungandizi = the eagle

anginayo = I don't have it

3-19-09

meat of chicken = inyama yenkukhu
...beef = inyama yenkomo
...pork = ... yengulube (from ingulube)
...muttom = ... yemvu (from imvu)

isibhedlela iDora Nginza siseZwide eBhayi = Dora Nginza hospital is in Zwide in Ibhayi

location words: (used with kwe-)
emva = behind
phansi = under, down
phezu = on top of, up
phezulu = above, "up there in..."

inyakatho - the North
iningizimu - the South

iCanada isenyakatho kweMelika
iNyakatho Melika = North America

antonyms:
-vula = open
-vala = close

-kwa = of in the context of location - locative preposition
with u-nouns, kwa- becomes ko- because kwo- is not allowed
"w" and "o" are rounded sounds, and cannot be combined.

3-18-09

Nginezinkinga namhlanje
inkinga, izinkinga = problem

1) isikhiye seklasi asikho = the key to the class is gone
sikukhanuisile = it is with khanyisile

izicathulo zikuMuzi = the shoes are with Muzi
izicathulo zisesitolo =


-ku- = with
-se- = at

ayikho inkinga --> ayikh'inkinga = no problem

umkhulane = fever, cold, flew
bengigula, ngiphetwe

bengisheleleza (sheleleza = slip, slide)eqhweni = I was skiing

Besibane = there were 4 of us.
Bebenane = there were four of them

Besibaningi - there were many of us

ngedwa = I am alone
wedwa = you are alone

nxese = sorry (empathetic)

unani? = what do you have?

-phetwhe = is/am pained
with y- for nouns with i-
nge for others

ngiqinisile - I am serious, telling the the truth.
ungadlali ngami - you shouldn't play with me

mhlawumbe/mhlawumpeni = maybe

ngiya ukuthenga --> ngiyothenga = I am going to buy

ngubani vs. ngobani (who vs. why)

Umsebenzi 1 due tomorrow

3-4-09

Ungangeni/ Mus'ukungena
Ngobani?
Ngoba ngixiekile
puphuthmile
yebo, ungangena (uma kuphuthumile)
Uzamla njalo ngoba uyozela
Ngiqunu - I am naked = angigqoqile (Ndihamba ze! in Xhosa)
Gqoka ngokuShesha - Get dressed quickly!

ukufa = death (no pl. form)

ku- vs. li-
li- refers to the weather
ku- is non-referent, generally it

unjani vs. kunjani

sgudi snaysi

isu = icebo = plan
cupha trap
gnizomcupha - I will trap him

izikwelete
intomba

imbungulu - bedbug
khula - grow up
sigcine, singamoshi = you (all) should save, don't waste (imperative subjunctive)
-gcina, -onga = save, keep
-mosha, -chitha = waste

chwechwa - tip toe
cwecwa = peel

notes for week of 2-23

In your absence, we drilled the use of the prefix in creating agreement between nouns and verbs in a sentence.

a. We use the prefix of the noun to show agreement with a verb. Some of your books call this "The subject Concord". At the back of your "Masikhulume isiZulu" on p. 426 you get Table 1 & Table 2 showing these important components of a sentence in isiZulu. All nouns fall under these. You have used these in class and in homework already, but a need to review them became apparent in yesterday's class.
b. We mentioned that for all non-nasal noun classes; that is nouns that do not have a nasal in their prefix, and do not refer to people (as those that refere to people and have no nasals will be found in class 1a; e.g. ubaba; usisi; udokotela, and they function like class 1 nouns which are human being referents: e.g. umfazi, umyeni, umntwana, umuntu), we use the full prefix which is found right after the initial vowel, before the noun stem/ root to create agreement:

e.g. 1. Isikolo siyaqala. (school is beginning.)
2. Ubuso buyabanda. (The face is cold.)
3. Abafundi bayasebenza. (Students are working.)

c. In addition to the nouns illustrated above, there are two classes that are also non-nasal, but have latent prefixes that show up only in verbal agreement use. There are:

1. I(li)zulu libi. (The weather is bad.) 2. I(li)qhwa liwile. (Snow has fallen.)
3. U(lu)thando luyashisa. (love is hot/ burning.) [All nouns that are not in Class 1 or 3; that is have no nasals in their prefixes, belong to this class (Class 11); and have a latent or never on the surface 'lu'

d. We did the weather reading on page 51-57
Homework was given so as to practice the agreement noun prefixes and agreement:

1. Page 22 of 'Teach yourself Zulu'; which I had given you all a copy of a week or so ago. That's where you practiced this same agreement at the end of chapter 1. The assignment now was to do Exercices 2; 3 & 4 on page 22 of that same book or photocopy if you do not have the book yet. Nonkululeko has it.

2. I gave also the following activity:

Fill in the blanks with the correct letters or words:

1. USipho ___thenga ugwayi.

2. Ogogo ____cela itiye.
3. Si ____bonga.
4. Ngifuna ___thenga amazambane.
5. Abafundi ____thanda uthisha.

e. We did the readings on pages 58 & 59 of Sanibona to look at the use of nga to mean "by" as in by means of such and such
transport.
1. This nga functions similarly to what we learned about na when we did the noun listing lesson 'Esitolo' from page 7 of Sanibona, where we said when a precedes i we get e, and when a comes before u we get o. So, go read pages 58 & 59 and see how nga works.

2. The homework for this is on pages 60-61: Activities I, II, III, V.

3. Note that Activity II has these details for you to learn:

The verb ending –elani means "why or what for"? The answer often starts with "Ngoba= because…" You therefore need to redo these as we practiced them in class today.

For example:

1. Ufunelani ukudla? = Ngifuna ukudla ngoba ngilambile. ( I want to eat because I am hungry.)

2. Ukahlelani? (Why are you crying?) = Ngikhala ngoba nginesisu. [I have stomachache.]

There will be a Quiz on Tuesday. Some of these will be on it, including tenses that we already dealt with; singulars and plurals of nouns, agreement/ subject concords as reviewed above; some synonyms or antonyms.

e. I advised Nonkululeko to read about colors as I have them listed on the schedule for February 11 and practice those by labeling the South African flag. You have that on your syllabus, but you can get one on the web and label them.

f. On Tuesday and Wednesday, we will be looking at the reading that was listed for February 4; look at your course schedule for this. This will be follwed by a closer look at adjectives and numbers; also listed on your course schedule for February 11.

g. We revisited culture related stuff, like what's in a name for amaZulu (amaXhosa); similarities and differences among people in close communities and countries both in Africa (South Africa/ Swaziland/ Lesotho); Senegal/ Gambia and Asia (India/ Pakistan).

You will see Nonkululeko's notes as well.

Sala kahle,

Thisha.

2-26-09

Ushogi mncane = small chalk
Gcoba =because

inuka kamnandi - it smells good

Commands:
commands with transitive verbs must end in -e

ngixolele = forgive me (command)

-tshela = tell
tell me = ngitshele

Ngitshele, uyamazi uMuzi? - tell me, do you know Muzi?
u + ya + azi --> uyamazi, -m- (from uMuzi) insereted between vowels
Ngiyamazi uMuzi - I know Muzi

Ngisize, Nkulie - Help me, Nonkululeko
ngizokusiza - I will help you

Angizukusiza - I will not help you

ya vs. hamba
If you are speaking of a destination, never use -hamba

Locative:
e-
kwa- (proprietary places, most businesses, stores, people's places - kwaMuzi)
ku- when making human beings and class 1 nouns into a place in the locative tense, use ku-

Izinsuku zesonto
M - uMsombuluko on M. ngo-
T - uLwesibili ""
W - uLwesithathu ""
TH - uLwesine ""
F - uLwesihlanu ""
Sat - uMgqibelo ""
S - iSonto nge-

what day of the week? - ngolwesingaki?

Times of the Day
Ekuseni = in the morning
Imini = midday
Intambama = afternoon
Kusihlwa = in the evening
Ubusuku = night

Synonyms
usuku - day
imini - noon, day
ilanga - sun, day

listening to the News

phakathi =
ekuseni
emlenzeni
incwaki
zamaphandle - in the country
lehliswe - lower
umgqomo - can
nomhlaba - and the world
semfuleni - at the river
fikela - arrive
donsa - pull
yisakamuzi - resident
noma kuphi = anywhere
noma kanjani = anyhow

lokhu - this, as in this matter

luhlanya - he is crazy (among friends)
uyahlekisa - he is weird

Homework:
Umsebenzi VII in Sanibona

Quiz tuesday:
- colors and numbers,
-times of the day (in the morning ekuseni, emini, kusilwa pg. 61)
-give a answer, request a question
- anything on the blog, the exercises
-question words
-weather

2-25-09

Wenzani khona? - what do you do there?
kwenzekeni? - What happened?
kancane kancane - bit by bit
Ngizocela siyishiye - I request that we leave it behind
okwamanje - for now, for the time being
uhambo - journey, trip
Khiphani incwadi - take out the book (from -khipa [= extract] + -ni [plural command])
ngicela nikhiphe incwadi - I request that you (pl.) take out the book
(polite request with subjunctive)

silapha eBU - we are here at BU

Umfundisi ulaphaya esontweni = Preacher is there at church
Umfundisi usesontweni = Preacher is at church

isonto elilodwa = one week

ekuseni - in the morning
kusihlwa - in the evening, dusk

-thengisa = -dayisa = to sell
antonym: -thenga

izinto zonke (zi + onke) = all things

Umsebenzi I aqnd Umsebenzi II on page 148 is Masikhulume

2-12-09_notes

Past tenses

-e vs. -ile
ngigijimile = I ran (-gijima = run)
ngigijime kakhulu = I ran a lot

use the long form when there is nothing following the verb

another past tense
Bengigijima = I was running

Ngiyajuluka ngoba bengigijima = I am sweating because I was running
-juluka = to sweat

Singabhala = we can/may all write
(Si + nga + bhala)

Kuyashisa = hot

New conjunctions
ngakhoke - therefore
ukuba = uma - if

buzani ukuba ninemibuzo - ask if you have a question

Sidetrack to dead people
amathumbu = intestines
igazi = blood
isidumbu = corpse, carcass
enkomo = of a cow

Notes on pronunciation
t vs. th
isithembu (polygamy) -th- is like the t sound in English
isitembu (stamp) -t- is ejective, sharp, no aspiration
(to practice, use the paper trick)

utata = father in Xhosa
-thatha = take

boleka - borrow, lend

synonyms
Ingane = umtwana (child)
Ingoma = icula (song, hymn, anthem)
kuyabisa

ethula = azisa (to introduce

ngifuna ukuwethula umngane (I want to introduce my friend)
ukukwazisa

all nouns that begin with i uses -yi- construction
e.g. isitshudeni ngiyitshudeni, siyitshudeni
as opposed to singabafundi, ungumfundi

-khohlwa = to forget
ngikhohliwe (I have forgotten)
umfundisi ukhohlwe isibongo sakhe (Preacher forgot his last name)

Angizukholwa = I am no going to forget
NOTE: negative future (I will not) uses -zu-

cishe ngikholwe = I almost forgot

(u)tsotsi = isikelemu (rogue, thug, crook, robber)

inkosikazi = umfazi (woman)
(umfazi not used by young me to older women, among women and men separately)
Q: utisha uyindoda? (is the teache a man)
R: cha, akayona indoda. Ungumfazi. (No, she is not a man. She is a woman)

-elani = why are you _ing?
njalo = always
nintombi yimfowethu = my brother's girlfriend
isoka = boyfriend
isithandawa = lover, general

2-11-09

Health
Injani ingalo? = how is your arm
Ingalo ingcoco. = it is better

Nginomkhuhlane (Ngi + na + umkhuhlane) = I have a cold/flew/fever

ungcono

Nginekhanda = I have a head(ache)
(ikhanda = head, iqanda = egg)

inyawo, izinyawo = feet
isandla, izandla = hand
shayzandla - clap your hands (lit. beat you hands)
umdolo, amadolo - knee
isisu - stomach
-phetwe (passive) - I am suffering from (+ yisisu, gamadolo)

bobabili - both of them
abasebenzi - they dont work
abasabenzi - they no longer work (ngoba badala = because they are grown)

usho njani ukuthi __? - how do you say __?
kusho ukuthini ukuthi __? - what does it mean

thenga - buy
thengisa = dayisa - to sell

uhleli? - are you awake?
Ngihleli! - I am awake

Note on pluralization of borrowed words
imoto, izimoto
(goes to class 9)

abafowethu - my brothers
abafowabo - his brothers
abafowenu - your brothers

nami - me too
mina - as for me

usebenza ngekhompyuta = he/she works with computers

e- vs. kwa-
store names use kwa-, most places, generally use e-
masizwe - let us hear

nginababfowethu ababili - I have two brothers
badala kunami - older than me
omnane kubo - the younger one
akanadadewabo - she doesn't have a sister
angindadewethu - I dont have a sister

uyinjeneli - engineer

Homework
umsebenzi I and II on page 60, Sawubona

2-10-09_notes

Quiz today

synonyms:
xoxa = khuluma,

Ngiyeza khona manje = I will return now

irregular verbs: Latent i-
(i)hla
(i)mba
(i)ma
(i)zwa
(i)ba

never seen but when combined with -ya- indicating present (as opposed to -ya, to go)
ngi + ya + (i)za ---> ngiyeza

next week
kuleli sonto (of iviki)

ngoMsombuluko = Monday (when the week unfolds)

ijeneli lami lesiZulu

Bengidlala ibasketball ngoLwesihlanu. Bengidlala kahle kodwa ngiyabasha nolwayomi uyadlala. Ngithole amaqhuza ingamashumi amabili. Esikhathi sasekuseni silandelayo, ngilale kwazi kwentambama (a + i = ?). Ngixoxe nomhlobo efacebook. UyaMsuthu kodwa uzwa isiZulu. Ngihlange naye enyaka umosha eNew York. Igama lakho nguLandy. Uthanda umbhoxo nokusina.

2-5-09

I was late so I will fill in the notes with SCotts or Noreen's

For the negative, verbs ending in -ala end in -langa
uMuzi ukfika leythi
ushiywe libhesi - the bus left him

Sizo cula iculo (OR ingoma) = we will sing a song

uNkulunkulu = God (uThixo in Xhosa)

Good song.
uJezu uzubuya nini
khona manje x@

khona manje
khona manje

Jesus is coming back
right now

khona is there, (or present) alone

ukhona he is present
ngikhona = I am present (fine)

sizofunda kuqala

amaXhosa don't have more clicks but they are pronounced with more force
Khoisan is moreclicky

umngane wami = my friend
Nangu = here is
(changes with different governing nouns
eg. nasi incwadi, naba amalungu, nayi iphen)

wethula = he/she is introducing
u + ethula --> wethula
synonym: -zisa

Konje = and now OR BTW

ngiyajabula ukukwazi = pleased to know you

uvelaphi = where do you come from

Hawu = oh!
Pho = Then! and now! (interjection)

-vakasha = visit
vakashile = past and stative
-busa = enjoy

ngiyethemba = I hope

abakhi = builder

Nngingu nguNOAH wakwa nguMCKENNA
ngingowakwaMcKenna

izithakazelo = clan names
in Xhosa isibongo is only clan name but there is some borrowing of expressions (isibongo sakhe?)
in Zulu isibongo is last name or praise name

umfundi, abafundi - student(s)

noma = or

njalonjalo = etc.
njalo = alwyas

ngi + i-noun --> ngiyi-
ngiyipoyisa
ngiyindoda

um-, abahlali = residents
um, abadlali = players, jokers

Abafana bangabadlali (boys are players)
OR gabadlali

Note on tonality of isiZulu
U- high is someone else
U -low is you

2-4-09_zulu notes

Verb Tenses:
Izolo = yesterday (past)
Siyafundile or (short form) siyafunde (+ object or adverbs, or anything following verbs)

Namuhla/namhlanje = today (present)
Siyafunda or (short form) Sifunda (+ object)

kusasa = tomorrow (future)
Sizofunda

-badla = play (to play soccer = + ibhola likanobhtshuzwayo, isoca in Xhosa)
-bhala = to write
-dla = eat


in/im (sometimes i-) --> pl. izin-
i(li)- --> pl. ama-

There is also a narrative past tense

anginombuzo = I dont have a question
a + ngi + na+ umbuzo

I have a book
ngi + na + incwadi
nginencwadi

sinombuzo
ayikho imibuzo = the questions are not there
akukho mibuzo = there are no questions

mus' uku + yenza ---> mus'ukwenza

siza = help
cwecwa = peel

futhi = as well
impela = really

answer questions on pg. 30 Sanibona
quiz tuesday
look at 117-120 in masikhulume (commands positive and negative)
147-155 tomorrow
43-49 download and read

1-29

Uyakwazi = do you know

ngithi mina = i say

na is both have and and

anginambuzo = I dont have a question
nginambuzo = I have a question


uma = if and when

Ngomile. ngifuna ukuphuza amanzi
Ngomile is from -oma = to be dry (I am dry)
ngilambile. ngifuna ukuldla ukudla food and to eat)
(ukudla is both

kuyabanda = cold
iqhwa = snow
iqhwa liwile = snow has fallen

kuyashisa (nga)phakathi kodwa kuyabanda (nga)phandle
= it is warm inside ubt it is cold outside

pinda = what?

sipho = gift

thandewa or thandiwe = loved one

ubusika = winter

kuyabanda ebusika = it is cold in winter

e - in, at, from all prepositions

ngiya kwaWalmart = I am going to Walmart

Abantu banokulunga, kodwa abantu banobubi
people have goodness, but people have badness
ukulunga (good)
ububi (badness) from -bi = bad ugly

abantu pl of umuntu (person)

amfazi (woman) abafazi (women)

phenya ekhasini 32 = turn to page 32

angisakwazi -I no longer know you (it been a while)

iya ngela = that sucks!


icici, amacici- earings

-cela = ask
ncenga - beg
gcina - last

okokugcina = for the last time

Musa ukuganga! = dont be naughty!
Musa = dont be

nonyaka = this year

jabula = happy

ngihola = get paid

zwa = smell, hear, feel (touch), taste, feel (heart or head)

imizwa - emotions, feelings, senses

izidaka-mizwa -drugs (drunk senses)

daka = to be drunk

njani? = how

kunjani? = how is it? same

(M)asiqhubeke = let us continue
m is optional

Uhlalaphi? = where do you live?

ethekwini = the harbor and also Durban

Ngihlala= I live

Homework: 40 -41, exercizes 1-4
read short story on page 18

the click song
in Xhosa:
Igqirha lendlela - nguqongqothwane
Igqirha lendlela - nguqongqothwane
Ebeqabe' egqith' apha - uqongqothwane
Ebeqabe' egqith' apha - uqongqothwane
In English:
Diviner of the roadways - the knock knock beetle
Diviner of the roadways - the knock knock beetle
It just passed by here - the knock knock beetle
It just passed by here - the knock knock beetle

1-22-09

Noreen's zulu name (igama lesiZulu)
nguNonkululeko - mother of freedom

Scott's igama lesiZulu
Umfundisi

kodwa = but

ZOli's other (elinye igama lesiZulu)
ngu Noxolo (mother of PEACE)

isiNgisi = English language (isiNgesi in Xhosa)

Muzi - house, village

Muziwdile - my name in zulu
Silindile -my other name (we are waiting)

uNOah unumagama amabili esiZulu - Noah has two names
has 2
igama (sing.) amagama (pl) = name or words

ngubani igama laike? = ngubani lo? = who is he/she

lalela = listen

isibongo sami nguMali = my last nae is Malo

all verbs agree with the parent noun of the sentence.

ngiyabonga kakhulu - thank you very much

ak(uk)ho inkinga - there is no problem (or ayikho inkinga)
is not there
uphi uMuzi(me) response: 'akheko'

what I missed at the beginning of the class.

Ngizobuya manje -Ill be right back (lit. I will come back now)

Weather:

Kuyabanda namhlanje
it is cold today

Kuzobanda kusasa
It wil be cold tomorrow

Clothing:

gqoka - to put on

Ngigqoke ijazi, nebhantshi, nejezi, nopolonekhi -
I am wearing a coat, jacket, and a sweater, and a turtle-neck

faka - acessorize, put on hat or shoes

ijezi elisha - a new sweater (ensha in isiXhosa)

ngifake isigqoko nesikhafu, namaglav(u)zi - I am wearing a hat (wool), scarf, gloves.

umakubanda igqoka ijezi
when it is cold, I put on a sweater

unombuzo? do you (sing) have a question
-no- means "and" and "have"

anginambuzo - I dont have a question
Nginambuzo (nginebibuzo pl.) - I have a question (have questions)

umbuzo (imibuzo pl.) = question(s)

cha - NO
antonym = Yebo (yes)

ngina = I have (ngino if with u-noun, -ne if with i-noun)

isitolo = the store
esitolo = at the store

isinkwa = bread

umntwana, abantwana (pl) - child

class1 is humans

usipho - Sipho
osipho (pl) - Sipho and others

1-21_Zulu notes

Inxoxo = dialogue (from xoxa – meaning to chat, discuss)
Siyaxoxa – we are talking
Nixoxoni? - what are you talking about?
(similar to uthini - what re you saying)

Masi-____= let us _____ (e.g. Masithi -lets talk , Masihambisane – let us go together)
always say hello someone, sawubona _______
(u)gogo = grandmother
(u)mkhulu = grandfather

nazal = "n" or "m" sounds

substitute for Unjani/Ninjani
Usaphila na? - are you still well? (literally alive)
response: yebo, ngisaphila - yes i am still fine/alive

Wena uphila njani - how are you living?
wena emphasizes you (??)

Kulungile = OK (with me)

ALSO

Ngingezwa kini? - how are things at home?

More name words:
Noah bani? - Noah who?

Umphumapi? - where are you from?

1-20_Zulu notes

Nami = me too

Ucingo layakhala - the phone is ringing
pronunciation note: "c" is a click done with the tip of the tongue on the back of the front teeth "sucking your teeth"

cima ucingo - I am turning off the phone

Ngizobigelela umfundisi manje - I am going to greet the priest now
I will greet the priest now
-zo- = future tense

More Greetings:
dialogue
P1) Ninjani? -how are you (pl)?
P2) Sikhona, Wena Unjani? - We are well, and how are you?
P1) Nami ngikhona - As for me, I am well.

lapha kukho abantu ababili - there are two people here
here ??? people are 2

NguThemba noSipho baya hamba - Themba and Sipho are walking
no- = and to walk
na + i --> ne e.g. incwadi neCD - the book and the CD (incwadi = book)
na + u --> no
na + a --> na (no change)


bayaphi? where are they going (ba-=they, -ya-=go, -phi=where)

baya edolobheni - they are going to town (also etahweni)

bayothenga ihembe nezicathola - they will buy a shirt and shoes

uzoya - he/she will gow
Uthini? -what are you saying?

Ngubani ozothengani izicathulo? - who ____????
who buy ? shoes

Namhlanje kubekwa uMongmeli uObama - today e inaugurate president Obama!!!!!
today president

hamba kahle - go well
sala kahle - stay well (pl.)

1-15_Zulu notes

1-15-09

Inroduction to Zulu
w/ Professor Zoliswa Olga Mali
@ the BU African Studies Center

Ngiyaxolisa - I am sorry

Ngi = I
ya = am, go
xolisa = sorry

ngoba ngifike leythi - because I arrived late

ngoba = because
ngi - fike = I arrived
fike - e indicates past tense (fika is present/imperative)
leythi = (cognate) late

Introductions:

Ngingu Zoliswa - I am Zoliswa (or is it Ngi nguZoliswa ?)
ngu = am

Igama lami nguNoah - My name is Noah
Name of me isNoah

Isibongo sami nguMcKenna - My last name is Noah
surname of me isMcKenna

Ngubani igama lakho? - What is your name?
who name is what

Isibongo saike? - what is your last name?

Mina = as for me
lo = he/she

commands:

hlala phansi = sit down (is phansi a cognate?)
sit
masifunde - let us read
masi + funda
let us to read, study, learn (why the -e?)
Thula - shut up

*Note: all nouns begin with a vowel, but in direct communication, it is omitted

family members:
brother = (u)bhuti OR umfowethu (-wethu is possessive - our or my?)
sister = (u)sisi OR udadewethu
father = (u)dada
mother = (u)mama (-wethu)

Cultural note: when shaking hands with or accepting something from venerated person (elder, teacher, elder etc), use both hands

Greetings:

Sawubona (also sakubona) - hello, what's up (literally - we see you)
sanibona (pl)
response: Yebo, sawubona ______
note: always follow Sawubona with a name or appropriate substitute (e.g. mama for a married woman)

Linguistics:
-isiZulu belongs to the Ngoni language cluster of the Southern African Bantu family
-isiXhosa, isiSwazi (Siswati to them, no z sound), others...

Mzanzi = south (as in Mzanzi Africa)
synonym: Ningizimu

Umfundisi = teacher
synonym: (u)Tisha (cognate)
pronunciation and accent note: when "di" is up/accented it means teacher
when "disi" is down, means priest

Noxolo = Moher of Peace (woman's name)

Ngiyabonga = thank you
I am to thank